Protein synthesis essay

Protein synthesis essay

7/12/ · This sample essay on Protein Synthesis Essay offers an extensive list of facts and arguments related to it. The essay’s introduction, body paragraphs, and the conclusion are provided below. In order to understand 1) protein synthesis, or the production of proteins, it is important to understand RNA and how it is transcribed from blogger.comted Reading Time: 6 mins Protein Synthesis Essay Words | 4 Pages. Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are Essay on Protein Synthesis | Biology

Protein Synthesis Example | Graduateway

We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell, protein synthesis essay. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively.

The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell can break down the starch with little difficulty as if each molecule was identical, even though there is a wide variety of molecules, protein synthesis essay. This is a different case in Protein Synthesis.

In Protein Synthesis, there are twenty different amino acids and if one is out of place than is will effect the specificity of the protein. In a healthy person, the protein hemoglobin can be found in red blood cells, hemoglobin is helps with the transfer of respiratory gases from the blood to the tissues of the body. With an illness called sickle-cell anemia, the red blood cells are changed from a round, disk shape to a floppy looking sickle shape.

Don't use plagiarized sources. The actual cause of this mutation is a gene disorder, where the sixth codon of the protein glutamaric acid is changed with valine.

This small change in the genetic code can cause severe defects in the effected such as blood clots, severe disorders and even death. All this can result from a misinterpretation in one codon in a chain of hundreds! Protein synthesis acts in this way, that is if there is only the most minuscule mistake it can have monstrous effects. Protein synthesis first begins in a gene. A protein synthesis essay is a section of chromosome compound of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each DNA strand is composed of phosphate, the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases or nucleotides.

There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. They are A denine, G uanine, T hymine, C ytosine and they must be paired very specifically. Only Adenine with Thymine A-T and Guanine with Cytosine G-C.

The nitrogenous bases are held together with weak hydrogen bonds. The other string runs the opposite. The two strands of the structure cannot be identical but they are complimentary. There is no restrictions on the placement and sequence of the nucleotides, which becomes important in storage of information. Genetic information would be rendered useless if the stored information did not have protein synthesis essay way of reaching the desired focal area.

Since protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and the DNA must remain in the nucleus, a way of transporting the code is essential. This comes protein synthesis essay the form of messenger ribonucleic acid or m-RNA. Since the information on the DNA must stay the same on the m-RNA, the two have to be very similar.

There are three major differences between RNA and DNA. RNA is only protein synthesis essay single strand. Since RNA is produced from DNA, the nucleotides of RNA can hold the same information as the nucleotides of DNA because the code for amino acids is centered around the RNA structure, protein synthesis essay.

The process in which m-RNA is synthesized is called transcription. This process is similar to DNA replication in the way that for transcription to occur, the double helix DNA must be unwound as in DNA replication FIG 2.

The major difference between transcription and replication is that in transcription only one of the strands is used as a template and only one m-RNA strand is produced. Transcription can be broken up into three parts in order to be understood. These steps are: i initiation, ii elongation and iii termination. Initiation of transcription is how the transcription begins. The enzyme responsible for m-RNA synthesis is called RNA polymerase 2.

The RNA polymerase knows where to begin transcription because it is coded into the DNA. Elongation of transcription represents how the process happens. Notice that uracil replaces thymine. Termination of transcription represents how the process stops. Transcription is stopped by certain sequences coded into the DNA template. These sequences are called terminators. At the terminator sequence, RNA polymerase 2 stops or pauses, causing the transcription to be completed and the m-RNA to be released.

DNA can replicate prior to mitotic division. This process is called semiconservative, meaning that each daughter duplex contains one parental and a complimentary replicated chain. For DNA to replicate, protein synthesis essay, it must first be unwound.

This is done by an enzyme called helicase; using ATP as an energy source. The helicase helps this in process by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. While unwinding, the strands can become tangled and knotted. This problem is solved by an enzyme called gyrase which can make transient breaks in the strand relieving tension and then rejoins the ends. DNA replication occurs in a partially unwound are where some of the duplex region is still present, protein synthesis essay, known as the replication fork.

For DNA synthesis, all four nucleotides must be present, protein synthesis essay. The existing DNA strands serve as templates which dictate the nucleotide sequence of the new strand.

DNA has the capacity to determine the sequences protein synthesis essay specific proteins. The proteins are composed of amino acids; of which there are twenty types. Each gene has its own amount and series of codons, depending on the protein. There are sixty-four codons each having its own meaning. The only codon that has a double meaning is AUG.

This codon symbolizes the amino acid metheonine and also signals where the polypeptide synthesis should start. Translation is the process where the amino acid sequence is derived from m-RNA.

To understand translation, one must first understand transfer Protein synthesis essay, t-RNA FIG. The function of t-RNA is to serve as a transporter for amino acids and an intermediate between m-RNA codons and their corresponding amino acids.

Transfer RNA have anticodons which make them correspond to the codons of m-RNA. These t-RNA, that is with the help of an enzyme called aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase, carry the proper amino acids to the proper position in the m-RNA chain. When an amino acid is bonded to a t-RNA molecule, protein synthesis essay, ATP supplies the energy. When an amino acid is bonded to another amino acid by a peptide bond, protein synthesis essay, the ATP supplies the energy.

The final component of the translation process is the ribosome. Each sub-unit contains ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein. There are three m-RNA codons that cause translation termination, protein synthesis essay.

Protein synthesis essay, they are recognized by proteins as release factors. These release factors cause the release of the polypeptide chain from its t-RNA and the ribosome. With the release of the chain, the ribosome leaves the m-RNA. The ribosomal sub-units are then ready to repeat the process for another m-RNA.

See FIG 6 for complete description. Mutations can occur either in body cells or reproductive germinal cells. Only diseases of germinal cells can be passed through generations. Mutations can alter a single gene point point mutations or can effect and change the structure of many chromosomes chromosomal mutations. Mutations are not always bad because they can cause adaptation and variation in people. Point Mutations and Base Pair Mutations The most common type of mutation involves a change in only a single base pair.

This change only effects a single codon of the gene. There are three types of base pair mutations: silent, protein synthesis essay, missense, and chain termination, protein synthesis essay. Silent mutations involves the repositioning of the third codon. This does not effect protein synthesis essay amino acid sequence.

Missense mutation is where one codon is altered to code for a different amino acid sickle cell anemia. Chain termination mutations involve the codon being changes to a stop codon.

This causes the protein synthesis to remain incomplete and lose most of the biological activity. This is the addition or deletion of one or more base pair but not multiples of three.

This causes the ribosome to read the codon incorrectly causing and entirely different amino acid sequence. Mutagens are agents that increase the frequency of mutations. X-rays or other radiation are causes of mutagens. Cite this Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis. Protein Synthesis. Accessed May 19, protein synthesis essay, This is just a sample. You can get your custom paper from our expert writers.

All you need protein synthesis essay do is fill out a short form and submit an order, protein synthesis essay.

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Essay on Protein Synthesis | Biology

Protein Synthesis Essay Words | 4 Pages. Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are Protein Synthesis essaysTranscription is the production of a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) by a particular sequence of DNA. Transcription occurs in a cells nucleus in an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The first step in transcription is initiation. In 29/4/ · Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization. The first is