The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century. Baseball and the other modern bat, ball, and running games — stoolball, cricket and rounders — were developed from folk games in early Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany).Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including "base ball", "goal View list of volumes by year. The curriculum units Fellows write are their own. They are compiled in a volume for each seminar. The volume contains a preface that describes the organization of the seminar and an introduction by the Yale faculty member who led the seminar that describes what the Fellows studied in general and sometimes comments on the units they wrote in particular Aug 20, · Gilgamesh in Babylonian Mythology. The earliest surviving documents referring to Gilgamesh are cuneiform tablets found throughout Mesopotamia and made between – BCE. The tablets were written in Sumerian and describe events in Gilgamesh's life that were later woven into a
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To maintain physical distancing within the galleries, entry to Alice Neel: People Come First may require waiting in line and the exhibition may be closed to visitors arriving toward the end of the day.
Ira Spar Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Stories describing creation are prominent in many cultures of the world. In Mesopotamia, the surviving evidence from the third millennium to the end of creation myth essay first millennium Creation myth essay. indicates that although many of the gods were associated with natural forces, no single myth addressed issues of initial creation.
It was simply assumed that the gods existed before the world was formed. Unfortunately, very little survives of Sumerian literature from the third millennium B.
Several fragmentary tablets contain references to a time before the pantheon of the gods, when only the Earth Sumerian: ki and Heavens Sumerian: an existed. All was dark, there existed creation myth essay sunlight nor moonlight; however, the earth was green creation myth essay water was in the ground, although there was no vegetation.
More is known from Sumerian poems that date to the beginning centuries of the second millennium B. It assumes that the gods and the universe already exist and that once a long time ago the heavens and earth were united, only later to be split apart. Later, humankind was created and the great gods creation myth essay up the job of managing and keeping control over heavens, earth, and the Netherworld.
Humanity is formed to provide for the gods, a common theme in Mesopotamian literature. People went naked. They ate grass for nourishment and drank water from ditches.
Later, the gods created sheep and grain and gave them to humankind as sustenance. He also created the smaller streams and watercourses, established sheepfolds, marshes, and reedbeds, and creation myth essay them with fish and birds. He founded cities and established kingship and rule over creation myth essay countries.
Enki decided that the world had to be well managed to avoid chaos. Various gods were thus assigned management responsibilities that included overseeing the waters, crops, building activities, control of wildlife, and herding of domestic animals, as well as oversight of the heavens and earth and the activities creation myth essay women. She in turn roused her son Enki, the god of wisdom, and urged him to create a substitute to free the gods from their toil.
Namma then kneaded some clay, placed it in her womb, and gave birth to the first humans. Babylonian poets, like their Sumerian counterparts, had no single explanation for creation. Diverse stories regarding creation were incorporated into other types of texts. Most prominently, the Babylonian creation story Enuma Elish is a theological legitimization of the rise of Marduk as the supreme god in Babylon, replacing Enlil, the former head of the pantheon. The poem was most likely compiled during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar I in the later twelfth century B.
At this time, Babyloncreation myth essay, after many centuries of rule by the foreign Kassite dynastyachieved political and cultural independence. The poem celebrates the ascendancy of the city and acts as a political tractate explaining how Babylon came to succeed the older city of Nippur as the center of religious festivals.
The poem itself has 1, lines written on seven tablets. It opens with a theogony, the descent of the gods, set in a time frame prior to creation of the heavens and earth. At that time, the ocean waters, called Tiamat, and her husband, the freshwater Apsu, mingled, with the result that several gods emerged in pairs.
Like boisterous children, the gods produced so much noise that Apsu decided to do away with them. Tiamat, more indulgent than her spouse, urged patience, but Apsu, stirred to action creation myth essay his vizier, creation myth essay, was unmoved. The gods, stunned by the prospect of death, called on the resourceful god Ea to creation myth essay them.
Ea recited a spell that made Apsu sleep. Creation myth essay then killed Apsu and captured Mummu, his vizier. Ea and his wife Damkina then gave birth to the hero Marduk, the tallest and mightiest of the gods. Marduk, given control of the four winds by the sky god Anu, is told to let the winds whirl.
Picking up dust, the winds create storms that upset and confound Tiamat. Other gods suddenly appear and complain that they, too, cannot sleep because of the hurricane winds. They urge Tiamat to do battle against Marduk so that they can rest. Tiamat agrees and decides to confront Marduk. She prepares for battle by having the mother goddess create eleven monsters. Tiamat places the monsters in charge of her new spouse, Qingu, who she elevates to rule over all the gods.
When Ea hears of the preparations for battle, he seeks advice from his father, Creation myth essay, king of the junior gods. Anshar urges Ea and afterward his brother Anu to appease the goddess with incantations, creation myth essay.
Both return frightened and demoralized by their failure. The young warrior god Marduk then volunteers his strength in return for a promise that, if victorious, he will become king of the gods. The gods agree, a battle ensues, and Marduk vanquishes Tiamat and Qingu, her host. As sky is now a watery mass, Marduk stretches her skin to the heavens to prevent the waters from escaping, a motif that explains why there is so little rainfall in southern Iraq.
With the sky now in place, creation myth essay, Marduk organizes the constellations of the stars. He lays out the calendar by assigning three stars to each month, creates his own planet, makes the moon appear, and establishes the sun, day, and night. The myth continues as the gods swear allegiance to the mighty king and create Babylon and his temple, creation myth essay, the Esagila, a home where the gods can rest during their sojourn upon the earth.
The myth conveniently ignores Nippur, the holy city esteemed by both the Sumerians and the rulers of Kassite Babylonia. Babylon has replaced Nippur as the dwelling place of the gods. Meanwhile, Marduk fulfills an earlier promise to provide provisions for the junior gods if he gains victory as their supreme leader. He then creates humans from the blood of Qingu, the slain and rebellious consort of Tiamat.
He does this for two reasons: first, in order to release the gods from their burdensome menial labors, creation myth essay, and second, to provide a continuous source of food and drink to temples. The composition ends by stating that this story and its message presumably the importance of kingship to the maintenance of order should be preserved for future generations and pondered by those who are wise and knowledgeable.
It should also be used by parents and teachers to instruct so that the land may flourish and its inhabitants prosper. First to be created are the cities, Eridu and Babylon, and the temple Esagil is founded.
Then the earth is created by heaping dirt upon a raft in the primeval waters. Humankind, wild animals, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the marshlands and canebrake, vegetation, and domesticated animals follow. Finally, palm groves and forests appear. Just before the composition becomes fragmentary and breaks off, Marduk is said to create the city of Nippur and its temple, the Ekur, and the city of Uruk, with its temple Eanna.
This account begins after heaven was separated from earth, and features of the earth such as the Tigris, Euphrates, and canals established. At that time, the god Enlil addressed the gods asking what should next be accomplished. The answer was to create humans by killing Alla-gods and creating humans from their blood. Spar, Ira. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, —. htm April Black, J. Cunningham, E.
Flückiger-Hawker, E. Robson, and G. Zólyomi, trans. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. Oxford:— Foster, Benjamin R. Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature. Bethesda, Md. Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion, creation myth essay. New Haven: Yale University Press, Jacobsen, Thorkild, trans. and ed. The Harps That Once. Lambert, W, creation myth essay. Geller and Mineke Schipper, pp.
IJS Studies in Judaica Leiden: Brill, Atra-Hasis: The Babylonian Story of the Flood. Oxford: Clarendon Press, creation myth essay, Visiting The Met? Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays Mesopotamian Creation Myths.
Ira Spar Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art April Citation Spar, Ira. htm April Further Reading Black, J. Additional Essays by Ira Spar Spar, Ira.
Creation from the Void: Crash Course World Mythology #2
, time: 12:22Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology, page 1
View list of volumes by year. The curriculum units Fellows write are their own. They are compiled in a volume for each seminar. The volume contains a preface that describes the organization of the seminar and an introduction by the Yale faculty member who led the seminar that describes what the Fellows studied in general and sometimes comments on the units they wrote in particular Ephemeral Creation The Myth Of Sisyphus Appendix: Hope and the Absurd in the Work of Franz Kafka Summer In Algiers The Minotaur or The Stop In Oran The Street The Desert in Oran Sports Monuments Ariadne’s Stone Helen’s Exile Return To Tipasa The Artist And His Time Preface For me “The Myth of Sisyphus” marks the beginning of an idea Special attention should be paid to the creation of a strong argument. An argumentative essay can be organized in the following way: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. It is necessary to start with a statement of assertion, placing emphasis on the significance of the issue and its relevance to the present day audience
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